Ағылшын тіліндегі FRANCE тақырыбы (топик)

France got its name from the warlike tribe of the Franks, who conquered its territory more than a thousand years ago. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Franks owned more than 400 years of vast European lands. They reached the peak of power under Charlemagne at the beginning of the 9th century, and then the Frankish state began to weaken.

In 911, the Vikings came to northern France from Scandinavia. They were called Normans. In 1066, the Normans conquered England, linking the fate of two countries for 500 years. At one time, the British even dominated France, but by 1453 they were ousted.

Over the next 300 years, the French kings gained enormous power. However, the absolute monarchy caused growing discontent of the masses, and in 1792 King Louis XVI was overthrown during the revolution. The French people abolished royal power and established a democratic mode of government. The First Republic emerged, followed by others that turned France into one of the strongest powers in Western Europe.

The French capital has always been at the centre of the country's political life. After the defeat of the revolution of 1848, the mayor of Paris, Baron Osman ordered to expand and straighten the streets so that they could no longer be barricaded. But in 1871, the city rebelled again - this time against humiliating conditions of peace with Prussia. To govern the city of Parisians established the Commune. The government brutally suppressed the uprising.

Most of the territory of modern France is occupied by fertile land. It is not surprising that every fifth Frenchman is engaged in agriculture. Farm cooperatives supply city markets, restaurants and shops with fresh produce. Each city is governed by the mayor’s office, that is, the city administration, the building of which is usually located on the central square, where citizens gather to chat.

The area, called Normandy, is located between Paris and the English Channel. Normandy is famous for its dairy products and beautiful apples. Farmers make subtle wines from apples - cider and calvados, and world-famous cheeses are made from cow's milk: brie and camembert.

The valley of the river Loire is very picturesque. Medieval on its steep banks feudal lords, who constantly feuded with each other, built impregnable castle-fortress and surrounded them with deep moats. The Loire Valley is also famous for its winemaking.

Most of the territory of France is covered with low flat hills. But in the southwest and southeast real snow-covered ridges of mountains are rising over the plains. On the south-eastern border of France, the Alps descend to the Mediterranean Sea and from the famous Cote d'Azur. And the picturesque foothill located behind it is called The Seaside Alps.

In summer, temperatures in the south of France often rise above 27 ° C. Thick crowns plane trees in city squares are sheltered from the scorching sun, and numerous fountains provide coolness and freshness. Farming is widespread almost throughout France, but farms are usually small, and farmers sell their crops in nearby markets.

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